Apparatus for disintegrating ores and other materials.



H.- W. HARDINGE. APPARATUS FOR DISINTEGRATING 0311s AND OTHER MATERIALS.

APPLICATION .IILED DEC.6, 1907. 908,86 1 Patented Jan. 5, 1909.

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I .H. W. HARDINGE. APPARATUS FOR DISINTEGRATING 0311s AND .OTHERMATERIALS.

APPLICATION FILED DIJO.6,1907.

908,861 Patented Jan. 5, 1909.

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H. w. HARDINGE. APPARATUS FOR DISINTEGRATING OBES AND OTHER MATERIALS.

APPLICATION FILED 1130.6,1907. 908,861. Patented Jan. 5, 1909.

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HARRY W. HARDINGE, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

APPARATUS FOR DISINTEGRATING- ORES AND OTHER MATERIALS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 6, 1909.

Application filed December 6, 1907. Serial No. 405,368.

To all whom it may concern:

I done to power applied, I

. Improvement in Be it known that I, HARRY W. HARDINGE, a citizen of theUnited States, residing at New York, in the county and State of NewYork, have-invented a certain new and useful A paratus forDisintegrating Ores and Other lowing is a specification.

In. grinding mills as in all other apparatus the work appliedfor theproduction of a de sired result should, ingen-eral, be as little aspossible greater than the-work theoretically required for the result buthowever much designers of ore-reducing mills may have striven for thisbalance or roportion of work have not found, in the course of anextended, experience with probably all types of ore-reducing apparatusin practical use, mills Whose performance, all things considered, iscomparable in efliciency to that desired. Furthermore, it is in generaldesirable that the articles of the disintegrated material shoul d all bewithin reasonably narrow limits as to size; but in the mills with whichI am familiar it is found in practice that in reducing all the materialto theupper of desired size a considerable v for which the a proportlon,even as much as seventy per cent, is reduced to much below the desiredlower limit. 7 apparatus impossible to reduce a given mate na to a sizeof particles different from that aratus is designed. In my copen ing aplication, filed of even date herewlth, I have escribed and claimedbroadl a novel method which I have devised for re ucing or disint rapingores and like -materials without su i rawbacks as the above. Inpracticing that method the lumps or pieces of ore or other material aresubjected to tumbling action, (either with or without the additionofnon-friable crushing or grinding bodies, such as metal balls, flintpebbles, etc), whereby the lumps or pieces are broken up by impact andattrition, in a succession of reducing or grinding zones of graduallydiminishing reducing action, and maintaining a substantial verticalstratifica-- tion of the material according to the size of its pieces orparticles. Stated a little differy, the material is through a successionof zones of successively reducing'action, accordingas, or as fast as,the lumps. or of the material are broken upor In this way the pieces ofmaterial are subjected to reducing aterials, of which the fol- It isalso diflicult and in some respectively to the sizes of the pieces andhence, in general, to the work required to break them up. In otherwords, the reduc ing action exerted on a given piece or lump issubstantially in pro ortion to the work required. The piece or ump beingthus broken up, its parts promptly move forward to the next zone ofreduction, and so on till the desired disintegration is reached.

- The ultimate size of the articles, to which a given material is reducedepends, in general, upon the amount of im act and attrition to whichthe materia is subjected. This is best regulated by varying the numberof' reducing zones, or the rate of passage of the material therethrough,or both, as will be above outlined. In the apparatus which I havedevised. for the purpose I provide a tumbling barrel, rotatable about anaxis arranged in a general horizontal direction, although the axis mayif desired be tilted to various degrees of inclination to the horizontalfor the purposes hereafter described. This barrel is provided with aninlet 0 ening of suitable character, through which t e material to betreated is introduced, and with an outlet openi at the axis of thebarrel through which t e ground or disinte rated material is discharged.'It is essentia that the shape or form of the barrel backward from theoutlet opening be that of, a cone, and that the said outlet opening beat the apex thereof. Backward from the base of this cone, which forconvenience of terminology is hereinafter referred to as the conicaloutlet portion, or simply the ou'tlet portion,

the barrel may be variously formed, for ex- .nonrfriablecrushing bodies,are introduced into such-a barrel, anew and very striking result isproduced. This result, however, will be more clearlyunderstood' and aciated when describedinoonnection wit the annexed drawings Therein,

Figure 1 S ow: in side t me ama.

ient embodiment of the invention. Fig.- 2 is a vertical lon itudinalsection of the barrel of Fig. 1, in w 'ch barrel the inlet portion as ofFig. 1, but with its axis inclined to the horizontal. Fig. 4 is across-section on line IV-IV of Fig. 3. Figs. 5 to are verticallongitudinal sections of various different forms of barrels, embraced bymy invention. Referrin now to Fig. 1, 1 indicates a turn- 'bling barreformed of two cones, 2, 3, placed base to base, and of difierent pitch,the slant of cone 2 relative to its axis being greater than the slant ofcone 3. The ends of the cones are open, at 4, 5, the former openingserving as the inlet, through which the material to be disintegrated isintroduced, and the latter serving .as the outlet, through which thedisintegrated material is discharged. The cone 2 may therefore, aspreviously stated, be appropriately termed the inlet cone or inletportion, and the cone 3 the outlet cone or out et portion. At thegreatest diameter of the barrel is a toothed annulus or gear-ring-fi,with which meshes a pinion for the rolls 12, 13, and pinion 7 aremountedon a base 14, which in turn is supported on jacks 15, 16, so thateither end of, the bas can be raised and the other end lowered,thereby-varying the inclination of the axis of the barrelto thehorizontal. To permit such tilting the shaft 8 is provided with auniversal joint 17 adjacent to the inion 7. By roper manipulation of thejac s the universa joint can be made the center on which the barrel tts.

Referring now to Fig. 2, which shows the barrel in section, withmaterial undergoing treatment, it will be seen that, the axis of thebarrel being horizontal or sat stantially so, the lower side, ab, of theoutlet portion, makes a lesser angle with the horizontal than does thecorresponding side wc of the inlet portion. Hence the masses or lumps ofmaterial (introdr ced through the inlet opening 4), in the inlet portionrest on a steeper incline than the pieces or 11" mps in the or tletortion. 1n conse nence the former masses ave greater tende cy to seekthe lowermost part of the barrel than do the masses in the This - outletcone, the incline of which is less steep.

1 urthermore, the larger masses, having greater weight andcorrespondingly greater momenttm, also eat se the same to tendconstantly to displace from the lowest point of the barrel the smallerpieces, which have less weight and correspondingly less momenare carriedLP the ascending side of the bark rel and finally fall 1; ack withconsiderable force upon the remaining material. The material is th sbroken up into smaller pieces by impact as well as .l:y' attrition, andthese smaller pieces, as fast as they are formed, are by the remaininglarger lt odies and by those entering from the inlet openin toward theoutlet 0 ening 4.

zone of the crashing balls a similar operation takes place, the materialbeing further broken up by the mutual impact andattrition of the lLlIlPSand the melting smaller pieces being always displaced up the inclinetoward the OLlZlGlE. The material thL s arranges itself as'shown in .1ig. 2, the pieces or lumps lzein s"- ccessively smaller toward theoutlet, unti ultimatel the fully disintegrated material passes 01.17 0the barrel through the opening 4, and th s there is a constantprogression of material, as fast as it is broken up,

rom inlet to o'ttlet; that is, when a 111m 1s brol en 1; its pieces arecar-sed to move orward to t e zone of similarly sized pieces, and asthese are broken up their particles are themselves ear sed to moveforward, and so on till the outlet is reached. In this connection it isto be remembered that the. l'rmps have no s'il stantial travel forwarduntil and vexcept as-they are reduced to smaller pieces.

1' or example, the non-friable err shing balls (1, l ig. 2, remain in acomparatively narrow transverse zone, .as shown. Consequentlythe resultis, in general, that large masses act upon large mass, small masses uponsmall; and as fast as lumps are broken up they-are displaced to theszcceeding zone,

makingroom ierlismps from the preceding .zone. the greatest on shm orreducing actlon 18 It will therefore be seen that where needed, to wit,in reaking up the large lumps, there the lumps and on shin bodies havethe longest fall and hence the eaviest impact and greatest attrition;while the smaller bodies, which reqi-ire less reducing action, have lessfall and hence less impact and attrition. This means that the powerwhich drives the cone is .efiiciently applied;

since the smaller bodies lie nearer the apex displaced; eyond the of thecone, and'hen ce are lifted a shorter distance and on a shorter radius,-requiring less power, than the heavier or larger masses which liefarther from the apex and hence are lifted a greater distance and on alarger radius. The economy thus effected is very marked. power requiredis only about one-third that required by a cylindrical tubemill havingthe same output.

The peculiar arrangement of the material in the barrel according to sizecan erhaps best be described as a sort of vertical fication. In theapparatus under consideration, the vertical strata are the reducingzones of my rocess, previously referred to, and the trans er of materialfrom one zone to the other, toward the outlet, as required by my recess,is effected as above described.

It wl 1 also be seen that in the barrel 1 the reducmg zones havesuccessively less reducing action, by reason of the successivediminutionof the size of the pieces or lumps in the zones; and by reasonof the lessening depth and width, or in general the extent, of the'zones, whereby the pieces or masses have less tumbling or agitation asthe barrel rotates.

As previously stated, the size of particles to which the material isfinally reduced can be readily regi lated by varying the number ofreducing zones. In the apparatus under.

consideration this can easily e done by tilting the axis of the barrelso as to vary the in' clination of the side a-b to the horizontal. Thusif the barrel be tilted sothat the outlet is lower, as in Fig. 3, allthe, reducing zones will be displaced toward the outlet, and thosenearest the outlet will be crowded, so to speak, out of the barrel, withthe result that larger particles will reach the outlet. 'Re-- versing.the inclination of the axis will have the contrary effect. In general'Iprefer to so proportion the outlet cone that with the axis horizontalthe particles discharged will be the smallest that may be desired, andthen produce the size that may be desired in any particular case bylowering the outlet more or less. The tilting of the barrel alsomodifies, to a certain extent, the manner in which the material iscaused to rogress from zone to zone. Thus, when the arrel is rotated onan inclined axis (represented by the dotted line e Fig. 3) the pieces ofmaterial are carried up the ascending side of the barrel in linesperpendicular to the axis and inclined to the vertical, for instance inlines parallel to those indicated at g, 9' Fig. 3; but when the piecesare disengaged from the side of the barrel they fall in vertical lines,as those indicated at 72,7, and hence strike the material at pointsproportionally nearer the o1 tlet. But

since the surface of the material is inclined,

- being higher at the ascending side than at the descending side, asindicated in Fig. 4, all the pieces'falling from the ascending sidetendIn fact, it has been found thatthe strati- I.

outlet cone.

to roll down 'to'the lower'parts of the barrel,"

for example-toward the point i,'in paths-or lines as indicated by thecurved lower portions of the dotted lines h, h, in Fig. 3; and

the larger and heavier the pieces the farther they roll toward the point'0. This carrying forward of all thepieces as they are raised on theascending side of the barrel, and their subsequent backward travel inproportion to. their different sizes, materially aids the displacingaction which has been previously described herein and which constantlyurges the material forward.

Barrels of other forms than that illustrated inl igs. 1 to 4, may beemployed. For example, there may be a cylindrical portion between thetwo cones, as in bi 5. Orthe inlet portion may be a short cy inder as inFig.-

6', a flat disk as in.l ig. 7, or a rounded or bulging disk as in l ig.8. In these figures the arrangement of the materialin the barrel isindicated diagrammatically. Still other forms Serial No. 315,858, filedMay 9, 19.06.. In the latter mentioned forms the inletand-outletportions are equal. cones placed base-to base as in I ig. 9,orwith a short cylindrical part between the two, as in Fig-10. I In allthe forms, however, I find that the slant of the low'erside of theoutlet cone relative to the erpendielnla'r, or direction of gravity,

are ilhstrated in my copending application w ShOL d be not less thanabout 45,nor greater than about 70. The slant of the inlet cone, whenone is used, should, in general, be not lessbut preferably greater thanthat of the 'lhelength of the cylindrical portion,-when one is used,depends in great measure upon the nature of t e material to bedisintegrated. Thus a very hard ore'm'ay make a longer cylindrical partdesirable or its necessary, 'so as to. accommodate a greater number ofcrushin balls, while for a softer material a barrelllke that shown in 7may be sufficient. Inother words, the, size and proportions ofthe'barrel depend in general upon the number and extent of the reducingzones needed for a desired extent of As previously stated, crushingbodies, for

example balls or pebbles, mayor may not be used, depending in largemeasure on the friability of the material to be disintegrated.

Thl'S material which is comparatively soft or friable may besufficiently disintegrated without the assistance of balls or pebbles,but they may be used if desired, and may be necessary where relativelyhard material is to be reduced. In the appended claims crushing bodiesare included as an element of the combination, but it is to beunderstood that these bodiesv may, as just stated, be the lumps ormasses of ore or other material undergoing treatment, or the metalballs, flint pebbles, etc., referred to above. In the former case thecrushing bodies are of course themselves. disinte- 'grate d, but theyare constantlyreplaced by fresh material.

If desired, a current of water may be kept flowing through the barreldrring the opera- The water will facilitate the forward travel of thefiner particles, articu- I larly those which may be formed in t e partsof the barrel not adjacent to the outlet.

What I claim is I 1. In apparatus for disintegrating ores and othermaterials, in combination, a tumbling barrel comprising a conical inletportion having an inlet opening, and a conical outletportion joined atits base to the inlet portion and provided at its apex with an outletopening; a'multiplicity of crushing bodies freely movable, mslde thebarrel; and means for supporting the barrel for'rotation about itslongitudinal axis and with the lowermost side of the outlet portionmaking a lesser angle to the horizontal than the ,corresponding side ofthe inlet portion.

2. In apparatus'for disinte ating ores and other materials, a tumblingarrel comprising a conical inlet portion having an mlet opening, and aconical outlet portion joined at its base to the inlet ortion andprovided at its apex with an out et opening; a multi- 1 plicity ofcrushing bodies freely movable inside the barrelj and means forsupporting the 1 barrel for rotation about its longitudinal axis zontal.

and with its said axis inclined to the hori- ,barrel; an

3. In apparatus for disintegrating ores and other materials, incombination, a tumbling barrelcomprising an inlet portion having aninlet opemng, and a conical outlet portion joined at its base to theinlet ortion and provided at its apex with an out et 0 ening; amultiplicity of crushing bodies free y movable inside the barrel; andmeans for supporting the barrel for rotation about its longitudinal axisand with its said axis inclined to the horizontal.

4. In apparatus for disintegrating ore and other materials, incombination, a tumbling barrel comprising an inlet portion having aninlet opening, and a'conical outlet portion joined at its baset theinlet provided at its apex with an out et 0 ening; a multiplicity ofcrushing bodies free y movable inside the barrelfmeans for supportin thebarrel for rotation about its longitudina axis; and means for varyingthe inclination more than 70, approximately; a multiplicity of crushinglbodies freely movable inside the means for supporting the barrel forrotation about its longitudina axis.

HARRY W. HARDINGE.

Witnesses:

M. LAWSON DYER, S. S. DUNHAM.

ortion and

